Ch.18 pg. 541- 556

Through time the expansion of industrialization spread into the United States and in Russia. It had begun through Western Europe. By the 1900s it was established in the United States, Russia, and Japan. Where ever industrialization begins, its has the same outcome all over. Such as the aristocratic, artisanal, and peasant classes declined, middle-class women withdrew from paid labor, and the establishment of trade unions and socialist movements. The United States began their American Industrialization with New England Textile and it was enormous growth after the Civil war. By the 1914, the United States became the leading industrial power.

Ch. 18 527- 541

The expansion of industrialization was one of the elements that transformed Europe and many societies embraced the idea of the industries, but Mahatma Gandhi disliked and criticized it for its economic exploitation.  The numbers in the global industries had increase very quick. In the 1400 there were 375 million works and in the eighteenth century there were over one billion workers. As industrialization became global the growth of fossil fuels became very useful and a great energy us for human use and gave an enormous increase output of goods and services.

Ch. 17 Echoes of Revolution

In the time of the revolution, there were also different problems that the Americans and the French wanted to take care of, and that was to abolish slavery. Many Enlightenment thinkers believed that it was not necessary to have slaves to make an economic profit. Religious groups, especially Quakers and Protestant evangelicals, went against having slavery and wanted it to stop. This issue was very big in Britain, and there were many movements. In 1805, Britain forbade the sales of slavery, on 1834 Britain emancipated all slaves.

Chapter 17 pg504-507

The French Revolution was in the 1789-1815. Thousands of french people had fought for the American revolutionaries.  The French government was going into bankruptcy, and they attempted to make a modern and fair system, but the rich class opposed this. King Louie XVI called the Estates General in efforts to raise new taxes. In 1789 the Estate general convened, and the third estate representative broke loose and declared themselves a National Assembly.

Ch. 17 pg. 499-504

• The Atlantic Revolutions had an impact on the world of the Atlantic World. Such as the French invading Egypt, Poland, and Russia. their inspiration to invade was to abolish slavery, give women a more rights and to extend their franchise in other countries. 
• Many other revolutions had influenced each other such as North America, Europe, and Latin America. They have all shared many common ideas like they grew out of the European Enlightenment.
• American Revolution was a conservative political movement  which they aimed to preserve colonial liberties instead of gaining new ones.
• the French Revolution the French soldiers fought for the American revolutionaries. The french government was facing bankruptcy.

The Americas

I found the reading from the packet to be really interesting because I dont understand why they would separate nations about being an american. that when i went to mexico to visit my family, the people from there would tell me that i was an american, they would say that i am a notreamericano. I just found that interesting because they did not refer me as just an american, but an american from the north. It explains that there are many names for americans such as Anglos, Afros, indios, Latinos, Caucasian. I think it is just odd the people from North America just refer to themselves as Americans, and they call one another different names, in which we are all from and in the Americas, no matter if its the North or the South.

What is Enlightenment?

I can honestly say that i have no clue what the hell this handout was saying. I was very lost in the reading and I had to read it a few times over again. I guess the only thing that I understand is Enlightenment is man's release from his incurred tutelage. And that Tutelage is man's inability to make use of his understanding without direction from another. For example, my inability to understand what the packet is trying to say or wanting to teach me. you can get help from others but sometimes you cannot be to dependent because it will all in disaster if eventually you are on you own. If people are to dependent on others, they will lack the ability to think for themselves.

Ch.16 pg. 477-488

• the Scientific Revolution was an intellectual and Cultural change that happened between the mid-sixteenth century and the early eighteenth century. in which they used the methods of science to to explain the world. it had also challenged the teachings and the authority of the church. as well as the ancient hierarchies and political systems. 
• The conditions of European were very favorable to rise in science because of the evolution of the legal system and it had guaranteed  independence for institutions. which universities became zones of intellectual autonomy.
• Educated- Europeans had dominated by seeing the world before the Scientific Revolution as it has resulted from Aristotle and Ptolemy. Which the earth is the center of the earth and the universe sun , the moon and stars revolve around it.